Takina · · 4 min read HTTP Content Negotiation Explained
Content negotiation lets a client and server agree on a response's format, language, or encoding using Accept headers, before any body is sent.
#Web Development
#Networking
#Backend
Topic
#Networking
68 posts tagged “Networking”.
Takina · · 4 min read 
Chisato · · 4 min read DNS over HTTPS vs DNS over TLS
DoH tunnels DNS queries inside HTTPS on port 443; DoT wraps them in TLS on a dedicated port 853. Both encrypt lookups — here's how they differ.
#Security
#Networking
#DNS
The Lycoris Team · · 4 min read Network Ingress vs. Egress: What's the Difference?
Ingress is traffic entering a network or system; egress is traffic leaving it. The distinction shapes firewall rules, cloud billing, and security posture.
#Cloud
#Networking
#DevOps
Chisato · · 5 min read What Is a VPC Endpoint?
A VPC endpoint gives a private network direct access to a cloud service without routing traffic through the public internet or a NAT gateway.
#Cloud
#Networking
#Infrastructure
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is DNS Tunneling? Hiding Data in DNS Queries
DNS tunneling encodes data inside DNS queries and responses to smuggle traffic past firewalls, since DNS is almost always allowed through unfiltered.
#Security
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read IPv4 vs IPv6: What's Actually Different
IPv4's 32-bit address space is exhausted; IPv6 fixes that with 128-bit addresses plus routing and header changes. Here's what differs in practice.
#Networking
#Cloud
#Security
Chisato · · 4 min read CIDR Notation and Subnetting, Explained
CIDR notation like 10.0.0.0/24 packs an IP range and its mask into one string. How prefix length maps to host count, and how subnetting splits a network.
#Networking
#Cloud
#Security
Chisato · · 4 min read Wi-Fi 6E vs Wi-Fi 7 Explained
Wi-Fi 6E opened the 6 GHz band; Wi-Fi 7 adds Multi-Link Operation and wider channels on top of it. How the two standards actually differ.
#Hardware
#Networking
Chisato · · 5 min read How LLM Streaming Responses Work (Server-Sent Events)
LLM chat interfaces stream tokens as they're generated using Server-Sent Events, so users see text appear immediately instead of waiting for the full reply.
#AI
#Web Development
#Networking
Takina · · 4 min read The Server-Timing Header Explained
The Server-Timing HTTP header exposes backend performance metrics — database time, cache hits — directly in the browser's DevTools network panel.
#Web Development
#Performance
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is Network Segmentation?
Network segmentation splits a network into isolated zones so a breach in one part can't freely reach the rest. How it works and where it fits alongside zero trust.
#Security
#Networking
#Cloud
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is VPC Peering?
VPC peering connects two virtual private clouds so resources in each can talk over private IPs, without traffic ever touching the public internet.
#Cloud
#Networking
#DevOps
Takina · · 4 min read What Is WebTransport? A Guide to the API
WebTransport is a browser API for low-latency, bidirectional client-server messaging over HTTP/3. How it works and when to reach for it.
#Web Development
#Networking
#Performance
The Lycoris Team · · 4 min read HTTP Methods Explained: GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE
HTTP methods signal intent — read, create, replace, update, or remove — and that intent determines caching, idempotency, and safety guarantees.
#Web Development
#Networking
#Backend
Chisato · · 4 min read Principle of Least Privilege Explained
The principle of least privilege limits every user, service, and process to only the access it needs, cutting the blast radius of a breach.
#Security
#Networking
Takina · · 4 min read What Is Long Polling? A Simple Real-Time Alternative
Long polling holds an HTTP request open until new data arrives, faking real-time updates without a persistent connection. How it works and when to use it.
#Web Development
#Networking
#Backend
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a Canary Token? Trip-Wire Security Explained
A canary token is a fake credential or file that alerts you the moment it's touched — a trip wire for detecting breaches rather than preventing them.
#Security
#Cybersecurity
#Networking
Chisato · · 5 min read What Is DNS Rebinding?
DNS rebinding tricks a browser into treating an attacker's server as same-origin with an internal service, bypassing network boundaries. How the attack works.
#Security
#Networking
The Lycoris Team · · 4 min read TCP vs UDP: How They Differ and When to Use Each
TCP guarantees ordered, reliable delivery via a handshake; UDP sends packets with no such guarantee but far less overhead. Where each one fits.
#Networking
#Computer Science
#Backend
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is EDR? Endpoint Detection and Response Explained
EDR continuously monitors laptops and servers for suspicious behavior, catching threats signature-based antivirus misses, and gives responders tools to act.
#Security
#Cybersecurity
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read SSH Keys vs Password Authentication: Which Is Safer
SSH key pairs authenticate with cryptographic proof instead of a shared secret, resisting brute force and credential reuse in ways passwords structurally can't.
#Security
#Authentication
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is PKI? Public Key Infrastructure Explained
PKI is the system of keys, certificates, and certificate authorities that lets strangers trust each other's public keys online. How it actually works.
#Security
#Cryptography
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read OCSP vs CRL: How Certificate Revocation Works
OCSP and CRL are the two mechanisms browsers use to check if a TLS certificate has been revoked before its expiry date. Here's how each works.
#Security
#Cryptography
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a Watering Hole Attack?
A watering hole attack compromises a site its targets already trust, then waits for victims to visit — rather than phishing them directly.
#Security
#Cybersecurity
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a Firewall? Network Security Explained
A firewall filters network traffic against a ruleset, blocking connections that don't match. How packet filters, stateful inspection, and NGFWs differ.
#Security
#Networking
Chisato · · 5 min read IDS vs IPS: Intrusion Detection vs Prevention
An IDS watches network traffic and alerts on threats; an IPS sits inline and blocks them automatically. How the two compare and when to use each.
#Security
#Networking
#Web Development
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a NAT Gateway?
A NAT gateway lets private-subnet resources reach the internet outbound while staying unreachable from it, translating private IPs to a public one.
#Cloud
#Networking
#DevOps
Chisato · · 5 min read What Is DNS Cache Poisoning?
DNS cache poisoning tricks a resolver into storing a forged IP address for a domain, silently redirecting anyone who queries that resolver afterward.
#Security
#Networking
Takina · · 4 min read HTTP Range Requests and Partial Content, Explained
HTTP range requests let a client ask for just part of a resource, enabling video seeking, resumable downloads, and partial file fetches over HTTP.
#Networking
#Web Development
#Performance
Chisato · · 5 min read What Is a DDoS Attack? How It Works and How to Stop It
A DDoS attack floods a target with traffic from many sources at once, overwhelming it until real users can't get through. How it works, and how defenses respond.
#Security
#Networking
#Infrastructure
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is Clickjacking? UI Redress Attacks Explained
Clickjacking tricks a user into clicking something they can't see, hidden inside an invisible iframe. How the attack works and how to stop it.
#Security
#Web Development
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is Subresource Integrity (SRI)?
Subresource Integrity lets a browser verify a fetched script or stylesheet matches an expected hash, blocking a tampered CDN asset from running.
#Security
#Web Development
#Networking
Takina · · 5 min read Gzip vs Brotli: HTTP Compression Compared
Gzip and Brotli both shrink HTTP responses before they hit the wire. How each algorithm works, and why Brotli usually compresses text tighter.
#Performance
#Web Development
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is DNS over HTTPS (DoH)? Encrypted DNS Explained
DNS over HTTPS encrypts domain name lookups inside HTTPS traffic, hiding queries from network eavesdroppers. How DoH works and how it differs from DNSSEC.
#Security
#Networking
#Web Development
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a Replay Attack?
A replay attack resends a captured, valid message to trick a system into repeating an action — and why timestamps, nonces, and signatures stop it.
#Security
#Authentication
#Networking
Takina · · 4 min read HTTP Status Codes Explained: A Practical Guide
HTTP status codes are three-digit responses that tell a client what happened to its request. A practical tour of the codes that actually matter.
#Web Development
#Networking
#Backend
Takina · · 4 min read HTTP/2 vs HTTP/3: What Actually Changed
HTTP/2 fixed request multiplexing but stayed on TCP; HTTP/3 moves to QUIC over UDP to kill head-of-line blocking at the transport layer. The real differences.
#Networking
#Performance
#Web Development
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a Buffer Overflow?
A buffer overflow happens when a program writes past the end of a fixed-size memory buffer, corrupting adjacent data. How it works and how modern systems defend against it.
#Security
#Computer Science
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a VPC? Virtual Private Clouds Explained
A VPC is an isolated, software-defined network inside a public cloud. How subnets, routing, and security groups fit together to keep resources private.
#Cloud
#Networking
#DevOps
Takina · · 5 min read Server-Sent Events vs WebSockets: Which to Use
SSE streams one-way updates over plain HTTP; WebSockets open a full-duplex channel. How they differ and which fits your real-time feature.
#Web Development
#JavaScript
#Networking
Chisato · · 5 min read SPF, DKIM, and DMARC Explained: Email Authentication
SPF authorizes sending servers, DKIM signs message content, and DMARC ties both together with a policy — the three DNS records that stop email spoofing.
#Security
#Networking
#Email
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is Certificate Transparency? CT Logs Explained
Certificate Transparency is a public, tamper-evident log of every TLS certificate issued, letting anyone detect mis-issued or rogue certificates.
#Security
#Web Development
#Networking
Chisato · · 5 min read What Is Certificate Pinning?
Certificate pinning hardcodes which certificate or public key an app should trust, blocking attacks that rely on a rogue but validly signed certificate.
#Security
#Web Development
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a Honeypot in Cybersecurity?
A honeypot is a decoy system built to look like a real target, luring attackers so defenders can observe their techniques and catch intrusions early.
#Security
#Cybersecurity
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a Bastion Host?
A bastion host is a hardened server that acts as the single controlled entry point into a private network, shrinking the attack surface for admins.
#Security
#Cloud
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read Encryption at Rest vs Encryption in Transit
Encryption at rest protects stored data on disk; encryption in transit protects data moving over a network. Why production systems need both.
#Security
#Web Development
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is the Same-Origin Policy? Web Security Basics
The same-origin policy stops a script from one site reading data loaded from another. How origins are compared, and how CORS and cookies fit in.
#Security
#Web Development
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a Man-in-the-Middle Attack?
A man-in-the-middle attack secretly intercepts traffic between two parties. How MITM attacks work, common variants, and the defenses that stop them.
#Security
#Networking
#Web Development
Chisato · · 5 min read What Is HSTS? HTTP Strict Transport Security Explained
HSTS is a response header that tells browsers to only ever connect to a site over HTTPS, closing the gap that lets attackers strip encryption.
#Security
#Web Development
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a VPN? How Virtual Private Networks Work
A VPN encrypts traffic between your device and a remote server, tunneling it through an untrusted network. How VPN tunneling and encryption work.
#Security
#Networking
#Web Development
Chisato · · 4 min read How the TLS Handshake Works
The TLS handshake is how a browser and server agree on encryption and verify identity before any data is exchanged. Here's each step explained.
#Security
#Web Development
#Networking
Takina · · 5 min read HTTP Caching Headers: Cache-Control and ETag Explained
Cache-Control and ETag are the two headers that control HTTP caching — how long a response stays fresh and how to revalidate it cheaply, explained.
#Web Development
#Performance
#Networking
Chisato · · 3 min read What Is DNSSEC? Domain Name Security, Explained
DNSSEC adds cryptographic signatures to DNS records so resolvers can verify responses weren't forged or tampered with in transit.
#Security
#DNS
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is SSRF? Server-Side Request Forgery Explained
SSRF tricks a server into requesting unintended destinations, reaching internal systems attackers couldn't otherwise touch. How it works and how to stop it.
#Security
#Web Development
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a WAF? Web Application Firewalls Explained
A WAF is a filter sitting in front of a web app that inspects HTTP traffic for attack patterns like SQL injection and blocks malicious requests.
#Security
#Web Development
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is mTLS? Mutual TLS Authentication Explained
mTLS is TLS where both client and server present certificates, so each side cryptographically proves its identity before any data is exchanged.
#Security
#Networking
#Authentication
Chisato · · 5 min read What Is a Reverse Proxy? How It Works, Explained
A reverse proxy sits in front of servers, forwarding client requests and hiding backend topology. TLS termination, caching, and load balancing explained.
#Networking
#Cloud
#DevOps
Chisato · · 4 min read What Is a Service Mesh? Microservices Networking Explained
A service mesh is a dedicated infrastructure layer that handles service-to-service traffic, retries, and encryption without changing app code.
#Cloud
#DevOps
#Networking
Chisato · · 4 min read Anatomy of an Outage: The Day Facebook Vanished
On October 4, 2021, Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp vanished for six hours. How one network command and a DNS safety mechanism took it all down.
#Networking
#DNS
#Reliability
Chisato · · 6 min read What Is Zero Trust Security? Never Trust, Always Verify
Zero trust security treats every user, device, and request as untrusted until verified. Core principles, ZTNA vs VPN, and a practical adoption path.
#Security
#Authentication
#Networking
Takina · · 4 min read What Is WebRTC? Real-Time Audio, Video, and Data
WebRTC lets browsers stream audio, video, and data directly between peers — no plugins. How getUserMedia, RTCPeerConnection, and ICE/STUN/TURN fit together.
#Web Development
#Networking
#JavaScript
Chisato · · 5 min read HTTPS Explained: What Happens When You Visit a Site
The padlock in your address bar hides a clever handshake. Here's what actually happens when you load an HTTPS site — encryption, certificates, and trust.
#Security
#Networking
#Web Development
The Lycoris Team · · 7 min read What Is a Load Balancer? How It Works, Explained
A load balancer distributes traffic across servers to prevent overload and downtime. Layer 4 vs Layer 7, routing algorithms, health checks, and TLS.
#Networking
#Cloud
#Performance
Chisato · · 3 min read What Is gRPC? High-Performance APIs, Explained
gRPC is a high-performance RPC framework from Google that uses HTTP/2 and Protocol Buffers for fast, typed, cross-language service communication.
#API
#Developer Tools
#Networking
Takina · · 4 min read What Is a WebSocket? Real-Time, Two-Way Web Communication
A WebSocket is a protocol for full-duplex, persistent communication over a single TCP connection. Learn how it works, when to use it, and what the alternatives are.
#Web Development
#JavaScript
#Networking
Takina · · 4 min read What Is HTTP/3? The QUIC-Powered Web
HTTP/3 runs over QUIC instead of TCP, cutting head-of-line blocking and speeding up connections with built-in TLS 1.3. What changed and why it matters.
#Networking
#Performance
#Web Development
Chisato · · 3 min read What Is a CDN? Content Delivery Networks, Explained
A CDN caches your content on servers around the world so users load it from nearby. How CDNs cut latency, protect origins, and power dynamic apps.
#CDN
#Performance
#Cloud
Chisato · · 3 min read What Is DNS? The Internet's Phone Book, Explained
DNS translates domain names into IP addresses. How DNS resolution works, the common record types, and why it underpins everything on the web.
#DNS
#Networking
#Cloud